Data report · Updated October 2026
Dog population by country: how many dogs the world has, and where India ranks
The United States has the largest counted pet dog population, 87.3 million in 2025, followed by Brazil (63.7 million in 2024) and urban China (53.4 million). India has an estimated 3.68 crore pet dogs and 1.53 crore street dogs. Per person, India has one of the lowest dog counts measured: about 25 pet dogs per 1,000 people.
Key findings
- The United States has the largest counted dog population: 87.3 million pet dogs in 2025, according to the AVMA.
- Brazil follows with 63.7 million dogs in 2024 (Instituto Pet Brasil), then urban China with 53.4 million in 2025 (industry white paper).
- Mexico's official ENBIARE survey estimated 4.12 crore dogs in homes in 2025, about 312 dogs per 1,000 people, the highest rate among the large countries in this report.
- India has an estimated 3.68 crore pet dogs (Euromonitor, 2024) and 1.53 crore street dogs (Livestock Census, 2019).
- Per person, India has about 25 pet dogs per 1,000 people. The United States has about 10 times that rate, 251 per 1,000.
- Adding India's 2019 street dog count to the pet estimate gives about 36 dogs per 1,000 people, below every European country except Albania, Kosovo and Türkiye.
- FEDIAF counts 9.12 crore dogs across 41 European countries in 2024. Portugal has the most per person (295 per 1,000) and Türkiye the fewest (17).
- Sources for the same country disagree widely. UK estimates range from 11.1 million (PDSA) to 15.5 million (UK Pet Food).
- India holds 17.8% of the world's people, but its pet dogs are only about 4% to 5% of the 700 to 900 million dogs estimated worldwide.
How many dogs are there in the world?
Nobody has counted every dog on the planet. Published scientific estimates put the world total at 700 million to 900 million dogs. These figures include pet dogs and free-roaming street dogs, so they are far larger than any sum of national pet surveys.
The 700 million figure comes from a 2013 review by Hughes and Macdonald in Biological Conservation, which put the world's dogs at over 700 million. A 2024 paper by Cowan and colleagues in the journal Sustainable Environment uses 900 million dogs.
The UN puts the world population at 816 crore (8.16 billion) in mid-2024. That gives roughly 86 to 110 dogs per 1,000 people worldwide, by our calculation. Treat the range as a rough guide, not a count.
Pet dogs alone are fewer. Euromonitor counts about 48.6 crore (486 million) pet dogs worldwide in 2024, according to a presentation by Brazil's pet trade body Abinpet. India's estimated pet dogs are about 7.6% of that.
| Estimate | Source | Includes street dogs | Dogs per 1,000 people |
|---|---|---|---|
| 485,913,000 | Euromonitor, pet dogs in 2024, via Abinpet (2025) | No | 60 |
| 700,000,000 | Hughes and Macdonald (2013), Biological Conservation | Yes | 86 |
| 900,000,000 | Cowan and others (2024), Sustainable Environment | Yes | 110 |
The two largest groups the world estimates try to capture are pet dogs counted by household surveys and street dogs counted, if at all, by livestock or municipal censuses. India appears in both groups, which is why its numbers need care.
Which country has the most dogs?
Among countries that publish a national figure, the United States has the most pet dogs: 87.3 million in 2025, from the American Veterinary Medical Association's household survey of 7,519 people.
Brazil is second with 63.7 million dogs in 2024, an industry estimate from Instituto Pet Brasil presented by the trade body Abinpet in 2025. China's pet industry white paper counts 53.4 million dogs, but only in cities and towns.
Mexico's statistics office INEGI estimated 41,226,497 dogs in homes in its 2025 ENBIARE survey. India follows with about 3.68 crore pet dogs in 2024, a Euromonitor market research estimate quoted by GlobalPETS.
Latest national figure for each country; years differ (2024 to 2026). China is urban dogs only. India excludes 1.53 crore street dogs. Sources in the table below.
Show the numbers
| Label | million |
|---|---|
| United States (2025) | 87.3 million |
| Brazil (2024) | 63.7 million |
| China (2025) | 53.4 million |
| Mexico (2025) | 41.2 million |
| India (2024) | 36.8 million |
| United Kingdom (2026) | 15.5 million |
| Germany (2025) | 10.0 million |
| France (2024) | 9.7 million |
| Italy (2024) | 9.0 million |
| Poland (2024) | 8.3 million |
| Australia (2025) | 7.4 million |
| Canada (2024) | 7.2 million |
| Spain (2024) | 7.0 million |
| Japan (2025) | 6.8 million |
| Colombia (2024) | 6.3 million |
| South Korea (2024) | 5.5 million |
Embed this chart
| Country | Dogs | Data year | Type of figure | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 87,300,000 | 2025 | household survey (owned dogs) | AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebook 2025 |
| Brazil | 63,700,000 | 2024 | industry estimate | Instituto Pet Brasil, presented by Abinpet (May 2025) |
| China | 53,430,000 | 2025 | industry survey (urban only) | China Pet Industry White Paper 2026, urban dogs only |
| Mexico | 41,226,497 | 2025 | official household survey | INEGI, ENBIARE 2025 |
| India | 36,800,000 | 2024 | market research estimate (pet dogs) | Euromonitor via GlobalPETS (April 2025) |
| United Kingdom | 15,500,000 | 2026 | industry survey | UK Pet Food, Pet Population 2026 (Kantar) |
| Germany | 10,000,000 | 2025 | industry survey | IVH and ZZF, Der Deutsche Heimtiermarkt 2025 |
| France | 9,700,000 | 2024 | national association data | FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 |
| Italy | 9,000,000 | 2024 | national association data | FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 |
| Poland | 8,282,000 | 2024 | national association data | FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 |
| Australia | 7,400,000 | 2025 | industry survey | Animal Medicines Australia, Pets in Australia 2025 |
| Canada | 7,200,000 | 2024 | industry survey | CAHI 2024 Canadian Pet Population Survey (Léger) |
| Spain | 6,962,000 | 2024 | national association data | FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 (ANFAAC) |
| Japan | 6,820,000 | 2025 | industry survey | Japan Pet Food Association, 2025 national dog and cat survey |
| Colombia | 6,273,015 | 2024 | official estimate for rabies vaccination | Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Colombia |
| South Korea | 5,460,000 | 2024 | company estimate | KB Financial Group Research Institute, Korea Pet Report 2025 |
Rankings built on these numbers carry a warning. The figures come from different years and methods. Some are official surveys, some are industry studies, and China's counts urban households only. A country missing from the table may simply publish no figure.
Which country has the most dogs per person?
Mexico has the highest rate among the large countries in this report, about 312 dogs per 1,000 people in 2025. Brazil follows at about 301, then Australia at 274 and the United States at 251.
We divided each country's dog figure by the UN World Population Prospects 2024 population for the same year. UN figures from 2024 onwards are projections.
Japan has about 55 dogs per 1,000 people. South Korea has about 106. India has about 25 pet dogs per 1,000 people, the lowest rate in the table, or one pet dog for every 39 people.
Dog figures from the sources listed above, divided by UN World Population Prospects 2024 population for the same year. China is left out because its figure covers urban dogs only.
Show the numbers
| Label | per 1,000 |
|---|---|
| Mexico | 312 |
| Brazil | 301 |
| Australia | 274 |
| United States | 251 |
| United Kingdom | 222 |
| Poland | 215 |
| Canada | 181 |
| Italy | 152 |
| France | 146 |
| Spain | 145 |
| Germany | 119 |
| Colombia | 119 |
| South Korea | 106 |
| Japan | 55 |
| India | 25 |
Embed this chart
| Country | Dogs | Data year | Population (million, UN) | Dogs per 1,000 people | People per dog |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mexico | 41,226,497 | 2025 | 131.9 | 312.4 | 3.2 |
| Brazil | 63,700,000 | 2024 | 212.0 | 300.5 | 3.3 |
| Australia | 7,400,000 | 2025 | 27.0 | 274.3 | 3.6 |
| United States | 87,300,000 | 2025 | 347.3 | 251.4 | 4.0 |
| United Kingdom | 15,500,000 | 2026 | 69.9 | 221.6 | 4.5 |
| Poland | 8,282,000 | 2024 | 38.5 | 214.9 | 4.7 |
| Canada | 7,200,000 | 2024 | 39.7 | 181.2 | 5.5 |
| Italy | 9,000,000 | 2024 | 59.3 | 151.7 | 6.6 |
| France | 9,700,000 | 2024 | 66.5 | 145.8 | 6.9 |
| Spain | 6,962,000 | 2024 | 47.9 | 145.3 | 6.9 |
| Germany | 10,000,000 | 2025 | 84.1 | 118.9 | 8.4 |
| Colombia | 6,273,015 | 2024 | 52.9 | 118.6 | 8.4 |
| South Korea | 5,460,000 | 2024 | 51.7 | 105.6 | 9.5 |
| Japan | 6,820,000 | 2025 | 123.1 | 55.4 | 18.1 |
| China | 53,430,000 | 2025 | 1416.1 | 37.7 | 26.5 |
| India | 36,800,000 | 2024 | 1450.9 | 25.4 | 39.4 |
China's urban figure divided by its whole population would give about 38 per 1,000, but that mixes an urban count with a national population. We show it in the table for completeness only.
Where does India rank in dog population?
On the national figures in this report, India ranks fifth for pet dogs, behind the United States, Brazil, urban China and Mexico. India has no official count of pet dogs. The 3.68 crore figure is a market research estimate.
India's official dog count covers street dogs only. The 20th Livestock Census of 2019 counted 1,53,04,345 stray dogs, down from 1,71,38,349 in 2012. Results of the 21st census, held from late 2024, had not been published by October 2026.
Adding the 2019 street dog count to the 2024 pet estimate gives about 5.2 crore dogs. That would put India fourth, ahead of Mexico, but the two figures come from different years and methods.
Street dogs: DAHD Livestock Census 2012 and 2019. Pet dogs: PTI report (projection for end 2023) and Euromonitor via GlobalPETS (2024). Different methods; do not add bars across years.
Show the numbers
| Label | crore |
|---|---|
| Street dogs 2012 | 1.71 crore |
| Street dogs 2019 | 1.53 crore |
| Pet dogs 2023 (PTI) | 3.1 crore |
| Pet dogs 2024 (Euromonitor) | 3.68 crore |
Embed this chart
| Measure | Dogs | Year | Source | Type |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Street dogs | 17,138,349 | 2012 | 19th Livestock Census, DAHD | Official census |
| Street dogs | 15,304,345 | 2019 | 20th Livestock Census, DAHD | Official census |
| Pet dogs | 31,000,000 | 2023 | PTI via Business Standard | Industry projection |
| Pet dogs | 36,800,000 | 2024 | Euromonitor via GlobalPETS | Market research estimate |
India has 17.8% of the world's people, by UN figures for 2024. Its estimated pet dogs are about 4% to 5% of the 700 to 900 million dogs thought to live worldwide. With street dogs added, the share is about 6% to 7%.
Read our street dog population report for the state-by-state census figures and stray dogs by city for municipal surveys. Pet dog estimates and the pet food market are in pet ownership in India.
How many dogs are there in Europe?
The European pet food federation FEDIAF counts 91,205,000 dogs across 41 European countries in 2024. It works out to about 134 dogs per 1,000 people, by our calculation with UN population figures.
The United Kingdom has the most dogs in FEDIAF's table, 13.4 million, followed by Germany (10.5 million), France (9.7 million) and Italy (9.0 million). These four hold 46.7% of Europe's counted dogs.
Per person, Portugal leads with about 295 dogs per 1,000 people, then Hungary (287) and Slovakia (261). Türkiye has the fewest, about 17 per 1,000, followed by Kosovo and Albania.
FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 (2024 data) divided by UN World Population Prospects 2024 population for 2024. dogeats.in calculation.
Show the numbers
| Label | per 1,000 |
|---|---|
| Portugal | 295 |
| Hungary | 287 |
| Slovakia | 261 |
| Romania | 224 |
| Poland | 215 |
| Czechia | 208 |
| Croatia | 201 |
| United Kingdom | 194 |
| Estonia | 187 |
| Malta | 185 |
| Belgium | 178 |
| Italy | 152 |
| Latvia | 146 |
| France | 146 |
| Spain | 145 |
| Slovenia | 144 |
| Finland | 142 |
| Cyprus | 132 |
| Germany | 124 |
| Ukraine | 120 |
Embed this chart
| Country | Dogs (2024) | Population (million, UN 2024) | Dogs per 1,000 people | Data basis |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Portugal | 3,071,000 | 10.43 | 294.6 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Hungary | 2,773,000 | 9.68 | 286.6 | National association |
| Slovakia | 1,436,000 | 5.51 | 260.8 | National association |
| Romania | 4,258,000 | 19.02 | 223.9 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Poland | 8,282,000 | 38.54 | 214.9 | National association |
| Czechia | 2,229,000 | 10.74 | 207.6 | National association |
| Croatia | 778,000 | 3.88 | 200.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| United Kingdom | 13,400,000 | 69.14 | 193.8 | National association |
| Estonia | 254,000 | 1.36 | 186.7 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Malta | 100,000 | 0.54 | 185.3 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Belgium | 2,085,000 | 11.74 | 177.6 | National association |
| Italy | 9,000,000 | 59.34 | 151.7 | National association |
| Latvia | 274,000 | 1.87 | 146.4 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| France | 9,700,000 | 66.55 | 145.8 | National association |
| Spain | 6,962,000 | 47.91 | 145.3 | National association |
| Slovenia | 305,000 | 2.12 | 144.0 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Finland | 798,000 | 5.62 | 142.1 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Cyprus | 179,000 | 1.36 | 131.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Germany | 10,500,000 | 84.55 | 124.2 | National association |
| Ukraine | 4,536,000 | 37.86 | 119.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Lithuania | 312,000 | 2.86 | 109.1 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Sweden | 1,155,000 | 10.61 | 108.9 | National association |
| Bulgaria | 729,000 | 6.76 | 107.9 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Ireland | 563,000 | 5.26 | 107.1 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Denmark | 618,000 | 5.98 | 103.4 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Norway | 553,000 | 5.58 | 99.2 | National association |
| Austria | 836,000 | 9.12 | 91.7 | National association |
| Netherlands | 1,667,000 | 18.23 | 91.4 | National association |
| Serbia | 513,000 | 6.74 | 76.2 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Iceland | 28,000 | 0.39 | 71.2 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Luxembourg | 47,000 | 0.67 | 69.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Montenegro | 42,000 | 0.64 | 65.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Greece | 649,000 | 10.05 | 64.6 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Bosnia & Herzegovina | 184,000 | 3.16 | 58.1 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Switzerland | 515,000 | 8.92 | 57.7 | National association |
| Rep. of Moldova | 170,000 | 3.03 | 56.0 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| North Macedonia | 98,000 | 1.82 | 53.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Liechtenstein | 2,000 | 0.04 | 50.2 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Albania | 90,000 | 2.79 | 32.2 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Kosovo | 48,000 | 1.68 | 28.5 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
| Türkiye | 1,466,000 | 87.47 | 16.8 | FEDIAF/Soulor estimate |
Why do dog population figures disagree?
Different bodies count dogs in different ways, and the gaps can be large. In the UK, three published figures range from 11.1 million to 15.5 million dogs.
The PDSA figure (11.1 million, 2025) uses a YouGov panel of 5,387 pet owners. UK Pet Food's 15.5 million (2026) comes from 8,951 online interviews run by Kantar in January 2026. FEDIAF reported 13.4 million for 2024.
Spain shows another kind of gap. Industry surveys estimate dogs in homes, while the ministry and the REIAC network count registered or microchipped dogs. Registry counts and household surveys measure different things, so they rarely match.
Each bar is a published figure for the stated year. Sources listed in the table below.
Show the numbers
| Label | million |
|---|---|
| UK: PDSA 2025 | 11.1 million |
| UK: FEDIAF 2024 | 13.4 million |
| UK: UK Pet Food 2026 | 15.5 million |
| Spain: FEDIAF 2024 | 7.0 million |
| Spain: ministry registry 2025 | 7.6 million |
| Spain: REIAC 2023 | 10.2 million |
| Germany: FEDIAF 2024 | 10.5 million |
| Germany: IVH and ZZF 2025 | 10.0 million |
| India: PTI 2023 | 31.0 million |
| India: Euromonitor 2024 | 36.8 million |
Embed this chart
| Country | Source | Year | Dogs | Dogs per 1,000 people |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom | PDSA PAW Report 2025 (YouGov) | 2025 | 11,100,000 | 159.6 |
| United Kingdom | FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 | 2024 | 13,400,000 | 193.8 |
| United Kingdom | UK Pet Food Pet Population 2026 (Kantar) | 2026 | 15,500,000 | 221.6 |
| Spain | FEDIAF 2026, from ANFAAC census study | 2024 | 6,962,000 | 145.3 |
| Spain | Ministry of Social Rights, registered dogs | 2025 | 7,562,893 | 157.9 |
| Spain | REIAC identification network, headline | 2023 | 10,165,498 | 212.2 |
| Germany | FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026 | 2024 | 10,500,000 | 124.2 |
| Germany | IVH and ZZF market data | 2025 | 10,000,000 | 118.9 |
| India | PTI report on pet dogs, projection | 2023 | 31,000,000 | 21.6 |
| India | Euromonitor, via GlobalPETS | 2024 | 36,800,000 | 25.4 |
For India, the gap is between two private estimates: 3.1 crore pet dogs projected for end 2023 (PTI) and 3.68 crore for 2024 (Euromonitor). No government survey exists to settle it.
Is the world's dog population growing?
In most countries with a time series, dog numbers rose until about 2020 and have since flattened. Cats are now growing faster in several markets.
The AVMA's US count rose from 52.9 million dogs in 1996 to 87.3 million in 2025, up 65%. The 2025 figure is below the 89.7 million of 2024.
Mexico's dogs in homes fell from 43,756,372 in 2021 to 41,226,497 in 2025, down 5.8%. South Korea's estimate fell from 5.56 million to 5.46 million in 2024, its first fall since 2019, according to KB Financial Group's research institute.
AVMA Pet Ownership and Demographics Sourcebooks and AVMA chart of the month (December 2025).
Show the numbers
| Label | million |
|---|---|
| 1996 | 52.9 million |
| 2001 | 61.5 million |
| 2006 | 72.1 million |
| 2011 | 69.9 million |
| 2016 | 76.8 million |
| 2020 | 86.2 million |
| 2021 | 87.8 million |
| 2022 | 88.3 million |
| 2023 | 80.1 million |
| 2024 | 89.7 million |
| 2025 | 87.3 million |
Embed this chart
| Country | Earlier | Earlier year | Latest | Latest year | Change (%) | Source |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | 89,700,000 | 2024 | 87,300,000 | 2025 | -2.7 | AVMA |
| Brazil | 62,200,000 | 2023 | 63,700,000 | 2024 | 2.4 | Instituto Pet Brasil |
| China (urban) | 52,580,000 | 2024 | 53,430,000 | 2025 | 1.6 | China Pet Industry White Paper |
| Mexico | 43,756,372 | 2021 | 41,226,497 | 2025 | -5.8 | INEGI ENBIARE |
| Germany | 10,500,000 | 2024 | 10,000,000 | 2025 | -4.8 | IVH and ZZF |
| United Kingdom | 13,500,000 | 2024 | 15,500,000 | 2026 | 14.8 | UK Pet Food |
| South Korea | 5,560,000 | 2023 | 5,460,000 | 2024 | -1.8 | KB Financial Group Research Institute |
Germany's industry survey shows 10.0 million dogs in 2025, down from a peak of 10.7 million in 2020. In urban China, cats rose 1.9% to 7.29 crore in 2025, faster than the 1.6% growth in dogs.
What do these numbers mean for dog owners in India?
India's low rate of pet dogs per person points to room for growth, which is why pet food and pet care companies quote these figures. It also means most Indians meet dogs on the street, not at home.
Street dogs shape India's dog debate in a way they do not in Europe or North America. Rabies, bites and sterilisation all depend on reliable street dog counts, which India last published for 2019.
If you plan to bring a dog home, India's own street dogs are part of the count. The Indian Pariah Dog is suited to local heat and costs little to keep. Our adoption statistics cover how many dogs find homes.
- India: about 25 pet dogs per 1,000 people (2024 estimate) and about 11 street dogs per 1,000 people (2019 census, UN population).
- United States: about 251 pet dogs per 1,000 people (2025).
- Europe, 41 countries: about 134 dogs per 1,000 people (2024).
- World: about 86 to 110 dogs per 1,000 people, including street dogs (estimates).
Frequently asked questions
Which country has the most dogs in the world?
The United States has the largest counted pet dog population, 87.3 million in 2025 according to the AVMA. Brazil follows with 63.7 million (2024) and urban China with 53.4 million (2025). Countries with many street dogs may have more dogs in total, but none publishes a full count.
How many dogs are there in the world?
Published scientific estimates range from 700 million to 900 million dogs, including street dogs. The 700 million figure comes from a 2013 review in Biological Conservation and the 900 million figure from a 2024 paper. No global census exists.
How many dogs are there in India?
India has an estimated 3.68 crore pet dogs (Euromonitor, 2024) and 1.53 crore street dogs (20th Livestock Census, 2019). There is no official count of pet dogs. Results of the 21st Livestock Census had not been released by October 2026.
What is India's rank in dog population?
On the national figures compiled here, India ranks fifth for pet dogs, after the United States, Brazil, urban China and Mexico. Counting street dogs as well would lift India to fourth, but that mixes 2019 and 2024 figures.
Which country has the most dogs per person?
Among the large countries in this report, Mexico has the highest rate, about 312 dogs per 1,000 people in 2025. In Europe, Portugal leads with about 295 dogs per 1,000 people in 2024.
How many dogs per person does India have?
India has about 25 pet dogs per 1,000 people, or one pet dog for every 39 people, using the 2024 Euromonitor estimate and UN population. Including the 2019 street dog count raises this to about 36 dogs per 1,000 people.
How many dogs are there in the UK?
Estimates range from 11.1 million (PDSA, 2025) to 15.5 million (UK Pet Food, 2026). FEDIAF reported 13.4 million for 2024. The surveys use different samples and questions, so compare figures only within one source.
Is the number of dogs in the world going up?
In many countries dog numbers rose until about 2020 and have since levelled off. The US count dipped from 89.7 million in 2024 to 87.3 million in 2025, and Mexico's fell 5.8% between 2021 and 2025.
Methodology and limitations
We collected the latest national dog population figure for each country that publishes one, from official surveys, national associations and industry studies. Each figure is shown with its year, its source and the type of figure. We did not adjust or combine figures.
European figures come from FEDIAF Facts and Figures 2026, which reports 2024 data. Population figures come from the UN World Population Prospects 2024, medium variant, for the same year as each dog figure. UN values for 2024 onwards are projections.
Dogs per 1,000 people and people per dog are dogeats.in calculations. India's pet dog figure is a Euromonitor estimate reported by GlobalPETS in April 2025. India's street dog figures are from the 19th and 20th Livestock Census of the Department of Animal Husbandry and Dairying.
Sources
- FEDIAF, Facts and Figures 2026 (2024 data), Dog population for 41 European countries, data basis by country
- United Nations, World Population Prospects 2024, Population by country and world population, 2019 to 2026
- DAHD, 20th Livestock Census 2019, district-wise stray dogs, India street dog count 2019
- Also consulted: AVMA, US pet ownership statistics (2025 Sourcebook), AVMA, Chart of the month: Pet population trends (December 2025), Abinpet presentation to the Brazilian Chamber of Deputies (May 2025), Instituto Pet Brasil data, Abinpet, market data presentation 2024 (Instituto Pet Brasil data), archived copy, Guangming Online, 5 January 2026, on the China Pet Industry White Paper 2026, INEGI, ENBIARE 2025 results report (July 2026), INEGI, ENBIARE 2021 release, GlobalPETS, The pet industry in India (April 2025), Business Standard, PTI (May 2024), DAHD, 19th Livestock Census 2012 All India Report, UK Pet Food, UK Pet Population 2026, UK Pet Food, pet population data release (21 March 2024), PDSA, PAW Mini Report 2025, IVH and ZZF, Der deutsche Heimtiermarkt 2025, Animal Medicines Australia, Pets in Australia 2025 release (18 September 2025), Veterinary Practice News Canada (16 April 2025), CAHI 2024 survey, Japan Pet Food Association, 2025 national dog and cat survey summary, Ministry of Health and Social Protection, Colombia, rabies vaccination coverage 2024, DailyVet (30 June 2025), on KB Korea Pet Report 2025, Spain, Ministry of Social Rights, Consumption and Agenda 2030 (June 2026), REIAC, Spanish pet identification network statistics, Cowan and others (2024), Sustainable Environment, Hughes and Macdonald (2013), A review of the interactions between free-roaming domestic dogs and wildlife, Biological Conservation 157, Pauta (27 February 2025), Subdere estimate of about 7 million owned dogs in Chile, Japan Pet Food Association 2024 survey summary, ZZF, Der internationale Heimtiermarkt (web page, 2026).
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